用VS Code编写QT代码

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VS Code越来越好用了，CMake和C++的支持都很完善。下面的文字记录了怎样用VS Code来作为IDE写C++ Qt项目的代码。

假设QT装在C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64这里，项目名为hello.pro (pro文件可以用QT Creator生成)

C++智能提示配置：c_cpp_properties.json

在VSCODE里如果找不到头文件，会有波浪线边上还有个小灯泡，点之就会打开c_cpp_properties.json文件

在win32组内的includePath和browse都加上QT路径：

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"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/include",
"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/include/QtCore",
"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/include/QtGui",
"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/include/QtWidgets",
"${workspaceFolder}/tmp"

编译配置：task.json

快捷键CTRL+SHIFT+B，如果没配置会提示配置生成任务，然后就会打开task.json文件。

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{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "qmake",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "qmake",
            "args": ["hello.pro", "UI_DIR=tmp", "MOC_DIR=tmp"],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "env": {
                    "PATH":"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/bin"
                }
            },            
            "group": "build",
            "presentation": {
                "reveal": "always"
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "nmake",
            "args": ["debug"],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "env": {
                    "PATH":"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/HostX64/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCPackages;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/TestWindow;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/TeamFoundation/Team Explorer;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/MSBuild/15.0/bin/Roslyn;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Team Tools/Performance Tools/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Team Tools/Performance Tools;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/Shared/Common/VSPerfCollectionTools//x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/Shared/Common/VSPerfCollectionTools/;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft SDKs/Windows/v10.0A/bin/NETFX 4.6.1 Tools/x64/;C:/Program Files (x86)/HTML Help Workshop;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/bin/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/bin/10.0.16299.0/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/MSBuild/15.0/bin",
                    "INCLUDE":"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/ATLMFC/include;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/include;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/NETFXSDK/4.6.1/include/um;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/include/10.0.16299.0/ucrt;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/include/10.0.16299.0/shared;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/include/10.0.16299.0/um;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/include/10.0.16299.0/winrt;",
                    "LIB":"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/ATLMFC/lib/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/lib/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/NETFXSDK/4.6.1/lib/um/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/lib/10.0.16299.0/ucrt/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/lib/10.0.16299.0/um/x64;",
                    "LIBPATH":"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/ATLMFC/lib/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/lib/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/lib/x86/store/references;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/UnionMetadata/10.0.16299.0;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/References/10.0.16299.0;C:/WINDOWS/Microsoft.NET/Framework64/v4.0.30319;"
                }
            },                
            "group": "build",
            "presentation": {
                "reveal": "silent"
            },
            "problemMatcher": {
                "owner": "cpp",
                "fileLocation": ["relative", "${workspaceRoot}"],
                "pattern": {
                    "regexp": "^(.*)\\((\\d+)\\):\\s+(warning|error) (\\w*:\\s+.*)$",
                    "file": 1,
                    "line": 2,
                    "severity": 3,
                    "message": 4
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "label": "clean",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "nmake",
            "args": ["clean"],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceRoot}",
                "env": {
                    "PATH":"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.12.25827/bin/HostX64/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/VC/VCPackages;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/TestWindow;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Common7/IDE/CommonExtensions/Microsoft/TeamFoundation/Team Explorer;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/MSBuild/15.0/bin/Roslyn;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Team Tools/Performance Tools/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/Team Tools/Performance Tools;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/Shared/Common/VSPerfCollectionTools//x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/Shared/Common/VSPerfCollectionTools/;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft SDKs/Windows/v10.0A/bin/NETFX 4.6.1 Tools/x64/;C:/Program Files (x86)/HTML Help Workshop;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/bin/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/bin/10.0.16299.0/x64;C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Professional/MSBuild/15.0/bin",
                }
            },
            "group": "build",
            "presentation": {
                "reveal": "always"
            }
        },
    ]
}

注意

  • options.env内的变量依据你的QT和VS安装路径修改。关于nmake的环境参数可以进入“VC运行时命令行环境”再输入SET命令，从里面抄出来。
  • 注意反斜杠方向
  • 使用默认提供的"problemMatcher": "$msCompile"文件定位会有问题，自己写灵活一点。（见已知问题）

调试配置：launch.json

点左边的调试按钮进入调试界面（CTRL+SHIFT+D），点击配置按钮就可以打开launch.json文件。

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{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "(Windows) Launch",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/debug/hello.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/debug",
            "environment": [{"name":"PATH", "value":"C:/Qt/Pre/5.10.1/msvc2017_64/bin"}],
            "externalConsole": true
        }
    ]
}

搞定

已知问题

  • 一些编译信息点击不能正确定位到文件
    • problemMatcher设置编译信息提取器，其中的fileLocation可以设置为["absolute"]或["relative", "相对路径"]。
    • 问题是编译信息提供的文件名大多数是相对路径，但有时提示库文件问题时用的是绝对路径。而fileLocation只能设置一种。
    • "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"用的是绝对路径，显然自定义提取器指定"fileLocation": ["absolute"]更合理。